Duachuk V. S., Tuskov A. A.

Penza Regional Center High School (Branch) federal state budgetary institution of higher education « Russian State University of Innovative Technologies and Business», Russian Federation

FOOD SECURITY: THE STATE OF THE CONSUMER MARKET PENZA REGION

Support domestic producers – the basis of the development of any region of the Russian Federation . The main aspect of the development of the regional economy is food security. Increase the presence of goods within the Penza region, maximize the use of all reserves – a priority at all levels, starting from the district level to the village level. Formation of food resources in the region is carried out both by domestic production, and due to the import of food from neighboring regions, the CIS and abroad.

Penza region belongs to the regions of Russia , which is mainly due to local farmers a formed food resource. State of the consumer market of food products in the last 10 years remained stable, and characterized by a fairly high level of saturation in almost all product groups. At the same time in 2008 to 2009. there was a significant reduction in turnover of food products, which was a consequence of the global financial crisis. In 2007, in the period preceding the crisis, the growth of retail trade in food, beverages and tobacco was 44,7% and exceeded the growth rate of retail sales of non-food goods by 4,1 percentage points. In 2008 volume index of retail trade of consumer goods was 102,1%, and in 2009 decreased to 95,5%.

Table 1. Volume indices of retail sales of food and non-food products, as a percentage of the previous year

Year	Foodstuffs	Non-food products
2005	113,8	112,0
2006	108,3	108,8
2007	144,7	140,6
2008	102,1	117,5
2009	95,5	101,6
2010	110,2	99,0

In 2010 the situation in the food market area stabilized. Population was sold food at a comparable assessment by 10,2% more than in 2009. In general, over the last ten years the retail trade of food has increased by 2,4 times.

During 2001 and 2010 trend reorientation area residents with the purchase of food in the food markets for the purchase of the system of trading organizations. If in 2001 almost one-third of food purchased by the population in the market, in 2010 this figure did not exceed 8%. During this period, the share of turnover decreased markets for food products: from 55,8% in 2001 to 38,0% – in 2010. However, there remains the role of markets in the provision of meat (74,2% of total sales in 2010), potatoes (42,5), fresh vegetables (20,8), fruit (17,5), butter (16,7), flour (16,5), eggs (14,4), sugar (14,1), pasta (13,2%). The period under review was characterized by a significant improvement in the quality of food products entering the food market area. While in 2001, almost all items inspected product groups share rejected or reduced in grade domestic products ranged from 18 to 67%, in 2010 it does not exceed 1–6%. According to The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare of food products imported in 2010. Only commodity group «fish and fish products» was set low quality product. Quality of food received by the consumer market, as a percentage of the number of samples (samples) of the goods for each product are shown in table 2.

Table 2. Quality of food received by the consumer market,%

	Installed inadequate quality and (or) dangerous goods
	2001		2010
	domestic	import	domestic	import
Meat of all kinds	60,9	21,4	1,9	-
Sausages and smoked food	24,1	20,0	5,7	-
Fish and fish products	30,8	12,5	4,7	48,8
P asta	55,6	-	-	-
C onfectionery	54,6	100,0	1,4	-
Butter and ghee	25,6	-	0,6	-
V egetable oil	66,7	-	0,7	-
Margarine , mayonnaise	17,6	-	0,7	-
Cheese of all types	29,6	-	0,9	-

In 2010 increase in food prices in the Penza region was 13,1%, in Russia – 12,9% (in 2009 – 5,9 and 6,1% respectively). The increase was almost all types of food products except meat chicken (down 2,2%), frozen fish (4,0%), canned vegetables (2,3%), black tea (0,5% ), polished rice (7,6%).

Penza region on the consumer price index for food products in 2010 took place 3 (113,1%) (in 2009 – 12th place (105,9%). At the price level of 68 food products (54,0%) of the 126 registered, formed in December 2010, Penza region among regions Volga Federal District held from 1 to 7 place (2009 – on 59 products out of 127 (46,5%).

The consumer price index for food products (excluding vegetables, potatoes and fruit) in 2010 was lower than the overall index for food products and was, respectively, 110,4 and 113,1% (in 2009 – 106,5 and 105,9%).

Fig. 1. Consumer price indices for food products in 2010 (in% to the previous month)

In 2010 also significantly increased the price of bread, bread, pasta and cereals, which are the basic goods. In 2010 increased prices for cheese by 23,1% (in 2009 increased by 1,6%), low-fat cottage cheese – 17,9 (8,8), dairy products – by 17,5 (5,4), alcoholic Beverage – 9,2 (9,8); confectionery – 8,9 (7,9); catering – 8,3 (9,3); sausages – by 4,4% (7,9%).

One reason for the increased food prices in the consumer market in 2010 was the increase in prices of agricultural products, and price increases in the food industry, which was a consequence of the sharp reduction in gross output of all crops as a result of extreme weather conditions.

In 2010 compared with 2009 the price of products sold by agricultural enterprises increased by 16,1% in 2009 – 1,3% (according to the Russian Federation , respectively, increased by 23,6 and decreased by 1,8%). Industrial producer prices in the Penza region grew by 11,7% in 2009 – 7,7% (according to the Russian Federation , respectively, 16,7 and 13,9%).

Value and changes in value of the minimum food-based on a Russian average consumption rates in the consumer basket, the average for the region in December 2010 amounted 2414,75, in Penza – 2427,65 rub. and has grown since the beginning of the year, respectively, 26,1 and 26,8%. According to the Russian Federation the value set in December 2010 was 2625,65 rubles and for the year grew by 22,7% (in 2009 – 2131,01 rub., from the beginning of the year increased by 0,7%).

Fluctuations in food prices lead to some changes in the value of their share in the structure of the minimum set. In December 2010 the largest share in the total volume occupied by the fruits and vegetables – 28,5% (in December 2009 – 19,4%), bread, cereal and pasta – 19,5 (22,1), meat and meat products – 8,8 (23,8), dairy products – 16,4% (14,9%). Insignificant share fell to 2,6% sugar (2,7%), cheese – 2,2 (2,3), confectionery products – 0,4% (0,5%).

Availability of the Penza region of foodstuffs produced Penza producers have reserve growth and, hence, there is a reserve in increasing the production of goods, as well as the creation of small enterprises, cooperatives, new jobs, reduce social tensions.

The purpose of food security is to improve the quality of life of people living in the Penza region, through the satisfaction of consumer demand offering sufficient range of safe and high-quality goods, the increase in production of local producers, enhancing promotion of products of local producers, the creation of new jobs.