Artemenko T.V., Beschasna D.O., Kolomoychenko O.E.

Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Ukraine

THE WHOLESALE MARKET INVESTIGATION IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

A wholesale is the strategic sphere of activity, as it can play a considerable role in development of home production, domestic and external trade of country, thus to assist more complete satisfaction needs of consumers and positively influence on socio-economic development of country. A concept of wholesale and its essence during the protracted period was the point of attention and discussion among the scientists of many countries in the world, conception of wholesale was interpreted ambiguously and often oppositely.Goloshubova N. O. gave the most complete and meaningful definition, according to that a wholesale is a type of economic activity in the sphere of circulation of goods, thatcovers the purchase-sale of commodities batchwises with the aim of their further sale end-user through a retail trade link or for a direct productive consumption by other wholesale customers and provide them with services.

The aim of functioning of wholesale link is in mediation growing in a scale commodity-money exchange between the spheres of production and consumption, between separate industries of economy, between the regions of Ukraine and with other countries, providing necessary rates and proportions of reproductive process and balancing of consumer demand and commodity supply.

The bilateral orientation of wholesale on production maintenance and retail commodity market determines totality its basic functions. On the one hand a wholesale executes functions, which face to satisfaction of retail trade enterprises necessities and goods and services of individual customers: converting productive large-serial assortment into trade, permanent and system study of demand and current market conditions into separate commodity market segments and target markets, timely delivery organization of commodities in a retail trade chain and others like that. On the other hand, it executes functions in the sphere of co-operation wholesale with the representatives of production’s sphere: organization and investment providing the motion of the just made material welfares from the productive sphere, adopting on itself the certain part of commercial risk which constantly concomitant to the life cycle of commodities and services at the market and so on.

The necessity of wholesale existence for the economic mechanism of market type is stipulated by the objective action of a few factors groups: productive – namely a concentration and specialization in separate regions, seasonal character of many productions, organizational and technological features of different productive cycles; transport – the state of report ways, level of the technical rigging of transport vehicles; trade is a level of development and placing of retail trade chain, specialization and power of retail trade enterprises.

In the market conditions of equivalent commodities trade the sub industry of wholesale include its basic kinds: trading means of production and labor, trade of unprocessed agricultural products, trade in foodstuffs, consumer goods trade, trade vehicles and trade in services.

A presence of regional divergences in the country influences on the development and functioning of wholesale organizationally-economic mechanism. In addition, specific properties of commodities and services which are realized in the wholesale market predetermine a high degree of its localization, close relation with particular territory and its sphere of trade relations, which determines the necessity of wholesale regional basis research.

During the research of the wholesale trade turnover structure in Ukraine in 2010, it was determined that the greatest contribution to the total wholesale turnover carries East region – 55,7% of total wholesale trade, which includes Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Luhansk and Kharkiv regions, that have sufficiently high development of the economy, especially industry, and developed infrastructure of the wholesale market. To characterize the wholesale market of Ukraine also it was conducted grouping regions ofUkraine in homogeneous groups by typological grouping.

Table A The results of grouping the regions of Ukraine in terms of wholesale turnover

The largest group includes 10 regions of Ukraine, which entered the group number 1, that is characterized by low levels of wholesale trade, the share of this group in total wholesale turnover does not exceed 1,5%, the group characterized by low commodity market infrastructure, including wholesale, insufficient development of basic industries, which production is the source of wholesale purchases or wholesale. As a result, there is a low income population. The share of this group is 24,6% of the total level in Ukraineand a small number of enterprises indicating insufficient development of organizational and economic trade mechanism.

The second group due to the amount is number 2 – it is a group with the normal level of wholesale market that is characterized by the developed infrastructure of wholesale market, by favourable conditions for its development, also by the developed sector of industrial production, namely light industry and by the high indexes of domestic trade development. This group has the largest share of income and business entities in Ukraine 32,6% and 34,8%, which indicating the positive tendencies of economic development and in particular the wholesale market.

Group number 3 does not have a very high level of the wholesale market development; it includes Odessa, Kiev, Poltava and Kharkiv regions, which are among the leading centers of wholesale trade in Ukraine. They have a developed infrastructure of wholesale markets, stable economic development. Average income in the group is 49272,8 mln, which exceeding the average level of income in groups with low and middle level of the wholesale market development.

Group number 4 consists of regions with high level of wholesale market development, an increasing number of ongoing wholesale purchases and sales, the share of this group in total wholesale turnover exceeds 10%. It includes the largest industrialized regions of Ukraine – Donetsk and Dnipropetrovsk, which is characterized by the highest level of income – 103,767 mln. The calculated intra coefficients of variation for these groups of regions indicate that the alignment describes the main trends of distribution wholesale turnover by regions.

So basing on analysis results we can conclude that it is necessary to develop the organizational and economic mechanism of wholesale trade at the regional level, belonging to the group with low level of wholesale market development. This will eliminate the existing substantial inter-regional disparities wholesale trade, social inequality and low affectivity of wholesale businesses. The main directions of the wholesale market development are defined by its focus on strengthening stable balanced development domestic consumer markets of Ukraine, primarily based on the saturation of it competitive domestic products, and the fullest satisfaction of demand for it various population groups, and also promotion of domestic goods to foreign markets.