Лошак В. О., Шкіль Н. О.

Дніпропетровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара

NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Decree № 1497/2005 from 20.10.2005

About high-priority tasks task of implementing new nformation technologies

To establish that development of information society and the introduction of new information technologies in all spheres of social life, activity of government bodies and local governments is one of the priorities of state policy in Ukraine.

 President of Ukraine V. Yushchenko

Today, we try to convey and reveal the essence of the issue "New Information Technologies" using the method "from the simple to the complex". Firstly let's take a tour tothe emergence of information technology. Among the variety of tools that mankind has invented during the time of civilization, the concept of technology is general and bulk value, for example, the technology of production of food and consumer goods, heavy industry, and others. In a broad sense, the technology is a set of technical, organizational, economic and material resources, which ensure the trans­formation of one form (condition) of matter to another. To understand this, we can bring technologies familiar to everyone: fermentation substances, sugar refining, production of iron, steel, etc. Information technologies take a very different place in the hierarchy of technologies, as they are intellectual sense of conversion of matter, which is called information. By its nature, as an outstanding cybernetics Norbert Wiener noted in his writings, information is neither matter nor energy, so information technology is the technology connected with the main technological operations of the information process, namely: the adoption of information, its memorization, processing information and its issuance. A global network, which is superhighway the Internet should be distinguished among the latest international information technologies. This is due to the fact that the technology of the network Internet, call it IT, incorporated the latest achievements of the previous technologies: from the technologies of the "videotext" to the technology of "Conference Call" system. It should be noted that the prospect of the development of IT technology has an effective balans for the next 5–10 years. A now let's look at allon the examples.

2.1 New information technologies in education

Certainly one of the most revolutionary achievements in the past decade, which considerably influenced on the educational process in the world, became the creation of the World Wide Web, called the Internet, which literally means "international network". Let's consider an exampleof the use of the different ways to work with computer training programs at the lessons of foreign languages.

a) Studying of vocabulary.

When entering and developing the thematic vocabulary, such as shopping (food, clothing, etc.), you can use the computer programs "Triple play plus in English", "English on holidays", "English Gold" and some others. Stages of using a computer program are the following: demonstration, consolidation, control.

b) Training of pronunciation

Many training programs include operations with a microphone. After listening to the words or phrases a student repeats the speaker and the screen displays a graphicrepresentation of sounds of a speaker and a student, comparing which you can see all the mistakes. A disciple seeks to achieve graphic image of the pronounced sound as close to the sample as possible.

c) Training of dialogue speech

Example of a computer program with a dialogue is "Triple play plus in English". Choose one of 12 proposed dialogues, for example, "In the Café". A few pictures – scenes of dialogue appear on the screen.

d) Training writing

This type of work solves two problems at once: the correct spelling of English words and mastering the keyboard. Computer training program "Bridge to English" helps to solve these problems. Almost every type of task envisages typing of English words and sentences on the keyboard.

e) Training of grammatical phenomena

All educational software otherwise considers the practicing of certain grammatical structures. The program "Bridge to English" consists of 20 lessons and differentgrammatical phenomena are worked out in every lesson: affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, degrees of comparison of adjectives, participles, pronouns "some" and "any", the structures "there is / there are", prepositions, etc.

As the students' surveys show, new information technologies attract them, and they are one of their main interests. Therefore, the use of information technology in educational process will contribute to form a positive motivation to study.

2.2 New information technology in government. Questions of using a global information network the Internet is one of the priorities of the state policy in the field of information. Informally Ukrainian segment of the Internet began its development in the late 1990 p., but official domain UA was registered in December 1992. The results of the survey of Ukrainian segment show that every six months the number of hosts in it increases an average in 1.47 times. Analysis of the intensity of traffic through the external channels of access to international resources of the Internet indicates that the incoming traffic is in 3-4 times more intense than the out coming. This means that the internal users of the foreign information resources would get much more information than foreign users try to find us. Building of the information society in Ukraine is one of the most actual tasks of our time. Diverse actions were implemented directly to the solution of this problem. In particular, it concerns the development of sections "Information Society" and the "protection of information about the person". Programs of Ukraine's integration in the EU, preparing the proposals with the working plan of implementation of the EU Strategy on Ukraine, measures aimed at implementing the protocol decision of the Second Meeting of the Ukrainian part of the Cooperation Council between Ukraine and the EU.

For informational providing of work efficiency of the tax system in the State Tax Administration a lot of centralized information systems are used, in particular for the proper provision of accounting of taxpayers – both legal entity and individual, accounting of benefits of certain categories of the population and so on. To procure the exchange of information between the databases of the State Tax Administration and Customs Service operates automated interagency information system.

In many countries of the world, state agencies (mainly the U.S., UK, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Estonia, Latvia, the Czech Republic, etc.) are already enjoying the benefits of information technology as in the management process and in the provision of administrative services for the population. The U.S. government provides a variety of services to citizens through the Internet: the issuance of licenses, taxes, etc. In England, the registration of companies through a network requires filling only one form. Finland and Singapore offer their services to citizens through mobile communications.

For example, the Supreme Court of Singapore sends SMS to citizens to recall the date of the meeting. In addition, those citizens of Singapore, who are authorized on the site may electronically sue in small claims cases. An online tax service of Ireland allows companies to receive information about taxation, pay taxes, filling out the appropriate electronic form, and receive a tax credit. Site of Land service of the same country provides companies with information about the real property and to carry out any operations connected with the land and real property. Website of the Federal Employment Agency of Ireland contains information about the labor market for employers and employees, and the site of Registration Chamber allows you to register a company of any organizational-legal form, to registere name of the company, to make changes of statutes, to issue financial documents, legalizing foreign documents. The Internet-portal "Today I decide" (Tana otsustan mina) was created in Estonia, through which the citizens of the republic may take part in the ruling of the government – to express their views about the current processes in the country, to propose amendments to bills, and so on. This portal also allows users to express their opinions about the current events in the country, to amend the bill and vote. If the idea of ​​an amendment or another proposals contains a grain of truth and maintained by other Internet users, Estonian Prime Minister sends the proposal with his resolution to the appropriate ministry. Today, the Bulgarians, thanks to a new IT-system uniting the passport department withthe Department of the Interior, the police and the criminal justice system can get a passport within 5-10 minutes. Usually it takes at least several weeks.

Obviously, that information technology in government is beneficial not only to the government but also to the citizens and the state in general, their use leads to increasing ofthe organization efficiency and functioning of the public authorities.

Electronic flow of documents. There was decided to switch completely to internal electronic flow of documents by Dnepropetrovsk Regional State Administration management through the use of automated system of electronic flow of documents "DOC PROF 2.0".

Electronic (digital) signature. Dnepropetrovsk is the first region of Ukraine where a regional accredited certification center of electronic keys was created. Leaders of Dnepropetrovsk and Odessa regions signed an agreement on scientific and technical cooperation and relationship to use electronic keys. For document there exchange has been used protected "transport" system "West", the developer company is "Aviantur" Odessa, which allows to make the exchange of electronic documents on the Internet through the open communication channels. The new standard format of message when exchanging electronic documents was applied in Ukraine for the first time, one of the main developers of which is the technical partner of the project company "SITRONICS Information Technology Ukraine."

Electronic Village. The project "Electronic Village: new information technologies to improve the efficiency of local government of Dnepropetrovsk region" is actively been implementing in Dnepropetrovsk, which aims at the development of rural areas. The main initiators of this process are the Dnepropetrovsk regional council, fund "Eastern Europe", Project Coordinator the OSCE. As a result, it was possible not only to merge all local councils into a single information network, but also give them access to the Internet, to the system of regional e-mails and legal base. The project is deployed on the basis of the wireless Internet.

2.3 New information technologies in the economy. The use of IT technology, in particular – modeling, in industry allows to deal without expensive test, reduces the time of production. The system of electronic data transfer allows to manage the company more effectively, to conduct fast correspondence among the partners, allow to create working groups within the corporation, which aren't united territorially, and even due to the difference of time zones to extend the work on the project. Development of market relations has led to new business activities and, above all, to the formation of companies engaged in information business, the creation of information technologies and their improvement, distribution of component of IT, including software products that automate the information and computational processes. Widely adopted at present IT, which are referred to the electronic office and expert support solutions. These two options of IT are oriented to the use of the latest progress in the area of integration of new approaches to automation of work of specialists and managers, implemented in a particular job and office in general.