Kulish K. A., Lobanova V. V., Miсhaylenko O. G.
Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Ukraine
THE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE
European vector of Ukraine and, consequently, the need for integration of high-tech competitive environment creates a need, such as formation of an innovative model of development. This will support the competitiveness of domestic products and services, and strengthen national security state, society and ensure a prominent place in the EU for stable and high growth of economy. Recently, Ukraine has established certain conditions for innovation, i. e. formed the foundations of the legal framework and mechanisms of innovation policy. But in Ukraine this innovation activity is defined most experts as a crisis, and one that does not meet the current level of innovation processes in a cost – developed countries.
Over the past five years, the volume of scientific and technical developments in current prices increased significantly: in 2008 the figure was 8538.9 million, and in 2012 – 11252.7 mln. However, despite the increase in the actual price of the share in GDP declines (2008 – 0.9 % 2012 year – 0.8 %) [1].
Number of organizations performing research and development in 2008 amounted to 1378 in 2012–1208. Insufficient funding of science has caused an outflow of highly skilled professionals. Compared with 2008, the total number of performers of research in 2012 decreased by almost 15 %. Nearly two- thirds of the total number of doctors and candidates of science, researchers and development organizations worked in the public sector, 28.7 % in the higher education area, the rest performed in the business sector organizations.
Instability and the inability to quickly adapt scientific organizations have negative effects on innovative activity of industrial enterprises. The share of innovation active enterprises in the total number in the past five years was small, but it was characterized by a steady upward trend. In 2008 it was 12 %, in 2010 – 13.8 %, in 2012 it is 17.4 %. The share of firms that introduced innovations also increased: from 10.6 % in 2008 to 13.6 % in 2012 year [1].
Number of enterprises engaged in innovation activities also increased. In 2011 the figure was 1,679 companies (16.2 % of the surveyed enterprises), in 2012 the number increased to 1758 (17.4 %). Volume of innovative products these enterprises amounted to 36157.7 million. 332 enterprises have implemented their products outside Ukraine, 24.7 % of which went to CIS countries and every fourth company implemented the product that was new to the market. The volume of such products amounted to 14.5 billion., 52.4 % of which was sent to export [4].
The main directions of innovation activity of the sector were: manufacture of coke and oil refining, chemical and petrochemical industry, metallurgy and manufacture of fabricated metal products, food products, beverages and tobacco products.
Company spent 11.5 billion on the technological innovation. About 70 % of the funds were invested in the purchase of machinery, equipment and software, 8.4 % – on the inside and 2 % – external scientific – research, 0.4 % – on the acquisition of other external knowledge [4].
Innovative activities financed mainly from own funds of enterprises (63 % of total costs). These costs compared to 2011 increased by almost 10 %. The share of the state budget amounted to 1.9 % of innovation costs, which is 1.2 percentage points higher than in 2010, as its funds were invested in the implementation of innovations in the Ukraine by foreign investors (994.8 million USD, 8, 66 % of total costs).
Although the scientific – technical potential of Ukraine has decreased 2.5–3 times, according to the latest report of the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness in 2012–2013, Ukraine ranked 73rd place among the 144 countries against 82 in 2011–2012.
Summarizing the foregoing, it should be noted that innovative activity in Ukraine is characterized by some positive absolute terms, but this developing is very slowly. To achieve innovative economic development we need to have the interdependent, the state-controlled system that is capable to make innovation profitable, convenient and minimally risky for long-term capital investment [3, c. 107].
All this is possible if you perform certain tasks, such as:
– the use of different models of innovation, depending on the specific areas of economic activity;
– improving the investment climate in Ukraine by stimulating investment processes (exemption from taxation of investment costs);
– Control the volume of emigration scientific personnel who were educated at the expense of the state budget;
– the introduction of strict control over the proper spending of budget funds;
– improving the existing legislation which regulates innovation [2, c. 119–125].
Performing tasks presented above provide tangible momentum for Ukraine’s transition to an innovative model of state and society. This will greatly enhance the ability of Ukrainian economy to achieve sustainable economic, and will enable our country to take its rightful place in the world of management and improve the quality of life of Ukrainian citizens to the European level.
The list of references:
1. Офіційні дані Державного комітету статистики України щодо наукової та інноваційної діяльності за 1998–2012 рр. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
2. Сем’янчук П. Шляхи формування інноваційного вектору розвитку економіки України / П. Сем’янчук // Галицький економічний вісник. – 2013. – № 1(40).
3. Великий Ю. В. Проблеми інноваційного розвитку України / Ю. В. Великий // Науковий вісник ЧДІЕУ. – 2011. – № 2 (10).
Урядовий портал України [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.kmu.gov.ua/ control/uk/publish/article?art_id=246324544&cat_id=244277212