Shamanska O. E., Beschastna D. O.,Shkil N. O.
Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Ukraine
ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF UKRAINE REGIONS
The present stage of Ukraine development becomes a topical problem of finding effective new ways to improve the competitiveness of the economy. One effective way to achieve this is an innovative development of the regions, which is provided by the innovation activity of enterprises located in the area. There is a significant number of conditions for achieving high rates of innovation. This multidisciplinary network of higher education institutions with a long tradition of teaching natural sciences and engineering, the total population susceptibility to innovation, science and technology, a large proportion of people with higher education and scientific degree, the presence of a significant number of businesses focused on the issue of high-tech products, to preserve the unique highly personnel, etc. Despite this, indicators of innovation development of Ukraine are insufficient.
Today we can identify the following problems of innovative development of the country as inconsistencies in the interests of the state and representatives of organizational structures, low level of intellectual property protection, the lack of funding for innovative activity in Ukraine, the rapid development of scientific and technical progress and the slow introduction of innovations in technology and production technology.
Distribution of innovative enterprises in the regions of Ukraine is an explicit imbalance between the western and eastern regions. Varying the proportion of innovative enterprises in Ivano-Frankivsk, Vinnytsia, Volyn, Chernivtsi, Kirovograd, Lviv and Chernihiv regions ranges from 30 to 15 %, while Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Lugansk, Kiev and Zaporozhye regions had a rate of innovation from 18 up to 10 %. According to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine from 2002 to 2006 there was the tendency to decrease innovative activity of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine. This was due to the reduction of the share of industries which are either already mastered or introduced innovations, an average 1.7 % annually. But from 2007 to 2011 the level of innovative activity increases to 13 %. Such growth is carried out using the effective functioning of the State Agency of Ukraine for Investments and Innovations. In 2012 innovation in the industry was engaged in 1758 enterprises, or 17.4 % of the surveyed industries (in 2011 innovation in the industry was engaged in 1679 enterprises, or 16.2 %). Most enterprises were engaged in innovative activity in Kharkov – 168 units, Zaporozhye – 115, Nikolayev – 114, Lviv – 101, Donetsk – 91 areas; less – in the Transcarpathian – 12, Volyn and Chernivtsi – 16.
To evaluate the effectiveness of innovation enterprises is essential utilization cost of companies in innovation, which is defined by the value of the volumes shipped innovative products to the general terms of innovation cost. The highest efficiency factor of innovation enterprises has Zaporozhye, Chernivtsi and Volyn regions. For every 1 hryvnia innovative investments we have from 18 to 21 hryvnia output.
After analyzing 25 regions of Ukraine by the method of multidimensional scaling within few years, it has been allocated three groups: high, medium and low levels of innovation. The first group includes areas such as Kiev, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Ivano- Frankivsk, the third – Chernigov, Kherson and Ternopil and the second includes all other regions.
At present Ukraine is a country with very large prospects of innovative development. But due to economic, political, and socio-demographic problems innovation implementations become especially problematic. Many businesses refuse to innovate because of increased costs. Due to economic problems in Ukraine, most scientists are leaving the country, depriving Ukraine of more effective development of STP. In 2012, a slight increase in the number of enterprises, introducing innovations in the regions of Ukraine, but it is not enough to compete with other countries. To improve the efficiency of innovation activities of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine we should: develop projects for the financing of effective implementation of innovations; benefits lead entrepreneurs to introduce innovations into production so that the entrepreneurs themselves were interested in it and create laws and regulations on innovation in the state.