Yartseva V. V., Beschastna D. O., Shkil N. O.

Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Ukraine

ANALYSIS OF THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

The key to achieving high competitiveness of enterprises in modern conditions is the active innovation, which will promote the economic growth of the country on a national scale and financial independence of enterprises in the long term. The innovative direction and content determine the social and economic development. A great part of this process belongs to the intellectual resources and entrepreneurial initiative. Ukraine is slowly moving towards the development of new knowledge and technological progress of innovative production, so the aim of this article is to analyze the trends in the development of innovative economy in Ukraine and to identify reasons that led to a manifestation of instability growth.

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, innovative activity of industrial enterprises in 2012 was introduced only by 12 % enterprises in Ukraine, in Portugal this index composed – 39 %, in Germany – 70 %. The analysis of innovative activities shows the tendency of decreasing activity of Ukrainian enterprises from 2002 till 2006, in average by 1, 7 % annually. Since 2007 till 2012 situation had been improved, because of effective functioning of the State Agency of Ukraine’s investment and innovation.

Distribution of innovative enterprises in Ukraine is unequal between the western and eastern regions. Varying the proportion of innovative enterprises in Vinnytsia, Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, L’viv, Chernivtsi, and Chernihiv regions are 8, 5–22, 5 %, at the same time in Kharkov, Lugansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye and Dnepropetrovsk are 11–30 %. Particularly noteworthy is Poltava region, where at 8, 2 % innovation enterprises the proportion of sold products consisted 14 %, at a cost of 126.2 million UAH, due to the high activity of innovative small and medium businesses. Nowadays, more than 30 % of innovative products in Ukraine are producing in Donetsk and Lugansk regions, but the number of businesses using innovation in these areas do not exceed 10 % of the total, since they have the preferential direction of funds in large metallurgical enterprises.

Financial investment is an important factor for innovations’ development. According to the State Statistics data in 2012 most businesses produced financing innovation at their own expense amount of which exceeded 11 mlrd UAN. From 2005 to 2012 lending had doubled owing to government programs. In 2012 the sum of credits composed more than 2 mlrd UAN, which had been got by 67 enterprises. Despite these positive changes, foreign investors did not make big contribution into Ukrainian innovations’ development, and only 15 enterprises received investments totaling to an amount of 2,4 mlrd UAN. State and local budgets assisted in the amount of 2,4 mlrd UAN for 55 businesses.

According to different types of economic activities the most innovative enterprises activity showed the production of coke and refined petroleum products (38,8 % of the total number of industrial enterprises), engineering (26 %), metallurgical production and fabricated metal products 10,4 %), chemical and petrochemical industry (7 %). The worst situation is being observed in spheres of informational and telecommunication technologies, where the level of national developments and standards is much lower than in Western countries. Big expenses and short life cycle of these innovations are not conducive to the country’s competitiveness.

The above analysis shows, that there are some negative factors of innovative activity, particularly in technological and scientific fields, where discrepancy is tracing between the needs of innovations’ development and the current volume producing innovative products. The other essential problem is poor financial investments, including foreign ones, which were involved in the implementation of innovative measures. The current situation can be improved by state innovation policy. The level of innovation activity of the enterprise should be determined by the possibility of realizing the main objectives of the strategy of innovative development in the long run. The main components of the innovation activity of the enterprise must correspond its economic, scientific, technical, organizational and social problems.