Skubytskaya L. D., Severinovskaya E. V., Osadcha O.V.

Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University

FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE STOMACH WITH THE DEFEAT OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

The investigation of physiological processes in the normal state and in case of diseases are very important for today. One of the striking discoveries of recent years is the establishment of the important role of nitric oxide in the regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes. This discovery provides a new approach to understanding the molecular mechanism of a number of physiological processes in cells, including the gastrointestinal tract. Statistics show, almost everyone in the world has some kind of disease. More than 90 % of the world population suffer from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the city population suffers more than the rural population.

Diseases of the digestive system are a serious problem in Ukraine. They rank third in the structure of chronic diseases of the Ukrainian population, take the 5th place in the structure of causes of hospitalization and death, rank 7th and 8th in the structure of primary disability and temporary disability, respectively. In the structure among registered are: 1)lesions of stomach and duodenum – 38,4 %; 2) diseases of the gallbladder – 25.4 %; 3) hepatitis, including cirrhosis of the liver – 5.8 %; 4) diseases of the pancreas – 12.7 %; 5)other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract – 17.7 %. Women suffer in 58,9 % of cases, men – in 41.1 %.

The causes of these diseases include stress, improper diet, heredity, the presence of concomitant lesions. Imbalance of nitric oxide in the body can also be the cause of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Physiological activity of nitric oxide plays an important role in the functioning of the various systems of the body. The activity of nitric oxide is well studied in cardiovascular diseases and less in the gastrointestinal tract.

The problem we are studying concerns the nitric oxide activity in the stomach. We investigate inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (i NOS and eNOS ) in bioptats of gastric mucosa. I am engaged in studying the activity of nitric oxide in the stomach in case of hepatobiliary system diseases and influence of nitric oxide on functional condition of the stomach.

The primary objective of this research is to assess and compare the results of activity of iNOS and eNOS in the stomach in case of diseases of hepatobiliar system and show the role of imbalance of nitric oxide in the occurrence of pathological changes in the stomach.

 We have been searching for information of various actions of nitric oxide on the gastrointestinal tract of a human. These data are of great theoretical importance to write my thesis.The problem we are trying to solve is important for the development of the medical sciences, human physiology and others. It is also of practical importance for studying physiological processes in the pathological conditions. This problem is very interesting and deserves closer attention and further study.