Ponomaryov I. V., Skorik K. O., Znanetska O. M.
Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
This article deals with the brand-new technologies, which opens the future for us. Almost everyone uses modern inventions which make our life easier. Today it is difficult to imagine the mankind without mobile phones, the Internet or computers. Technologies continue to be developed and today the pressing topic is the elaboration of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) – is the ability of automatic systems to take on some functions of human intellect, for example, to choose and take a decision from a previous experience and to make a rational analysis from outer effects.
In general, the goal of creating the AI is to reduce the level of intellectual workload – the part of today’s human reality.
It all began with simple tasks: logic games (chess, checkers, numeral games etc.). American cyberneticist A. Samuel made software for a computer that allows the machine to play checkers, while during the game the computer is studying, or just is making that impression, improving the game with the accumulated experience. In 1962 this program played with R. Nilly, the strongest draught player in the US, and won. After that the research of AI began. Today there is a Turing’s definition of AI: «The computer may be regarded as intelligent if it can make us believe that we are dealing with not a machine, but with a human».
From the first sight it may seem to be easy, but the early researches concerning the AI, faced with rather complicated problems, which go far beyond the traditional informatics.
It was found out, that for making a human brain simulator, it is important to know how billions of correlated neurons operate. Moreover, the most complicated task modern science faced with is to learn the processes of brain functioning, not only the imitation of its work. Thus, scientists develop and update neural nets, trying to reproduce the neural system. Namely, the ability of neural system to learn how to correct its mistakes, simulates the work of human brain.
Neural nets have many significant features, but the key one is an ability to learn. Every neural feature is a set of related algorithms and processes.
Today in the AI research there are several concepts: the representation of knowledge, the manipulation of knowledge, communication, perception, education and behavior. On that basis, many machines with the AI were created – the robots, which can carry out different tasks: cleaning, dancing, communicating, repeating actions, identifying objects and protection. Robots can be used in various spheres of human activity in order to simplify our lives.
That is why the development of the AI is an actual topic as it opens new possibilities in the future.