Grygorenko H. S., Rieznik M. A.
Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National university,
Ukraine
MODERN TRENDS IN THE LABOUR MARKET OF UKRAINE
Today,
the labor market is characterized by some problems that hinder effective
development of the country. These problems include the following:
1.
The labor market had some losses as a result of annexation of the Crimea and
military operations in Luhansk and Donetsk regions.
2.
The increased level of migration.
3.
Ukraine’s qualified specialists are in great demand abroad.
4.
The high volume of hidden unemployment, ongoing depopulation and general aging
of the population, that lead to a reduction in the working population in
Ukraine.
However,
in the Ukrainian labor market, there are some positive trends:
1.
The Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine.
2.
The pharmaceutical sector, service industry and information technology industry
continue to be stable.
3.
The shift in political power enables some managers to implement their knowledge
and experience in public administration.
The
most popular occupations that have been in demand in the last two years are the
jobs of highly skilled workers – metal workers, lathe operators, electric and
gas welders, drivers, repair workers who fix electrical equipment, etc. There
was also the demand for top-level specialists, top managers, as well as doctors
and experienced engineers with high professional skills. Currently, the most
popular are also information technology specialists and skilled employees in technical
support of computer networks. Besides, the labor market lacks marketing
specialists, technical experts, pharmaceutical market employees [1].
Nowadays,
because of hostilities in Donetsk and
Lugansk regions, a number of vacancies are decreasing in the country, because
people from these regions are moving to more stable regions of the country.
The
main causes of unemployment are as follows:
1)
low wages offered by employers;
2)
some training and education systems that don’t meet labor market needs;
3)
political and economic events;
4)
dissatisfaction with working conditions;
5)
limited career potential, lack of prospects and opportunities to improve
skills;
6)
irrational structure of sectoral employment, labout supply outweighing demand
[2].
The
problem of unemployment entails job losses and the decrease in production,
depreciation of the national currency. It also results in the reduction of tax
revenues of the state, in addition to increased government spending on social
protection of the unemployed. Taking into account important political events in
the country, Ukrainians started to seek employment abroad more.
In
2012, The Act by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 1008-2012 On
approval of the Program to promote new jobs until 2017 was adopted. This
program identifies measures and solutions to problems of employment. It is the
basis for developing regional and local employment programs. As a result of
this program, the level of unemployment should reduce [3]. In addition to this,
according to the statement by the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, the development
program «Strategy – 2020» will allow Ukraine to enter the top 20 countries in
the World Bank's rating as far as the ease of doing business is concerned, and
it will raise GDP per capita to 16000 US dollars against the current 8500 US
dollars. This program will also increase the inflow of foreign investments.
According to this document, all graduates should know two foreign languages,
which will affect the development of the labor market in Ukraine [4].
To
improve the labour market in Ukraine, the following measures must be taken:
1)
the system of remuneration must be improved;
2)
the demand for labor must be increased, both in the private and public sectors
of the economy;
3)
proper conditions for employment of young people and university graduates must
be created;
4)
the mechanism for the employment of foreigners in Ukraine must be improved to
prevent illegal employment.
Based
on current realities, the measures to develop the labor market must be flexible
and have an economic and social impact, as prospects for further development
and improvement of Ukraine's labor market are related to the increased
employment and reduced unemployment.
List
of references:
1. Державна служба зайнятості [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу :
http://www.dcz.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id-230309&cat_id-173564
2. Буряк П. Ю. Економіка праці й соціально-економічні відносини / П. Ю. Буряк, Б. А. Карпінський, М. І. Григорєв – К. : Центр навчальної літератури, 2004. – 440 с.
3. Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України
№1008-2012-п від 15.10.2012 Про затверд ження Програми сприяння зайнятості
населення та стимулювання створення нових робочих місць на період до 2017 року [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим
доступу : http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP121008.html
4. Українське Незалежне Інформаційне
Агенство Новин (УНІАН). Порошенко
оприлюднив тези «Стратегія-2020» [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу : http://www.unian.ua/politics/989833-poroshenko-oprilyudniv-tizi-strategiji-2020.html