WEB-ресурс научно-практических конференций

Medjanik A.V.

Graduate student of the East-Ukrainian National University , after V. Dal , Lugansk

FINANCIAL-CREDIT LEVERS OF BALANCED AND PROPORTIONAL TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT

The efficiency of functioning of the national economy appreciably depends on a level of social and economic development of regions, which as of today is notable for the substantial branch, territorial and functional differentiation. For these reasons there is a burning necessity to work out a policy of the development for each separately taken region of the country.

Theoretical research and new methodological approaches in the system of regional development allow drawing a conclusion, that the policy of social and economic development of a region represents a formation of the purposes regarding the development of productive forces and provision of complex and its harmonious functioning with the substantiation of organizational and economic levers of market transformations. The state of balance of the development of a territory is one of the aspects of a problem of achieving an integration of the development of area, the historical and socially conditioned process as a dynamic respond to a change of an economic situation. It is a very complex polystructural and many-sided process, which combines inner industrial, industrial and demographic, social and industrial, industrial and natural and other kinds of interaction, which causes its dialectic connection with the notion stability. Stability or preservation of proportions and rates of growth is a necessary condition of any process at any historical moment. In other words, the state of balance is a process of reproduction of certain proportions providing stability at every particularly taken moment for the purpose of providing the process of development and its ascend from simple to complex.

The basic directions of increasing of level of financial and lending provision of the development of the regions during economy reformation and market economy formation are the following:

- provision with the regulating function by the state- creation of the general conditions of stabilization and steady economic development, counteraction to the negative tendencies in economy by improving of economic, financial and lending policy, employing of efficient financial and lending levers of influence, and also formation of effective market mechanisms of managing;

- continuation of the further decentralization of management on the basis of consideration of objective appropriateness - increase of the role of the territorial factor and political direction of the state development. In particular, this is distribution of functions of responsibility, power and financial resources between the state, regional and local authorities, and also increasing of the role of local self-government by differentiation of income which will be entirely enlisted in nation-wide and local budgets with determination of the list of the fixed income, establishment of regulating income with the corresponding percentage of deduction for determination of effective kinds of taxes with extension of the taxation base;

- formation of the effective and balanced regional policy on the basis of recognition of the general ideology - the coordination of the state and regional interests which is directed toward the use of advantages of the territorial division of human and natural resources, science and industrial potential, and also improvement of financial policy and the mechanisms of its influence, regulation of interbudgetary relations with the purpose of provision of social and economic development at regional and local levels;

- improvement of economic situation in regions by means of overcoming unprofitability of significant number of enterprises, provision of real sources of formation of turnaround means, acceleration of rates of structural transformations, strengthening of innovative character of economy, and also introduction of the effective mechanism of bankruptcy;

- implementation of positive shifts in financial provision of the development of economy of regions by means of changes in practical and strategic directions of economic policy, in particular, the formation of effective financial and tax policy on principles of stability of tax system, fairness (creation of equal conditions of taxation irrespective of forms of ownership and branch affiliation), equality of tax burden for various categories of payers with the same level of income;

- directing the tax policy and tax levers on acceleration of economic reforms, provision of the regulating and stimulating influence of taxes according to each stage of transition period, in other words, on the implementation of the purposes and direction of economic policy. By means of singling out of new priorities in a tax policy to provide strengthening of stimulating influence on development of production within the limits of the direct taxation, first of all, by increasing privileges of investment character, and also creation of a promoting investment climate in view of a degree of influence of taxes and various tax privileges for a rate of return from the assets;

- simplification of the operating tax system, provision of stability of tax conditions - the sizes of tax rates, their quantities and base of taxation, consideration of branch distinctions at taxation in sphere of amortization policy, decrease in rates of the duty on the basic kinds of production of wide demand, provision of protection of a domestic commodity producer and revenue in the budget by settlement of a level of taxation of the imported goods by the duty and the import duty; granting of tax loan for filling up the lack of turnaround means which is connected with interseasonal gap of their revenue;

- formation of effective lending policy as one of the levers of state regulation on the basis of determination of the following purpose - assistance to economy reformation and structural transformation by increasing in amount of loans by kinds (short-term and long-term), their rational direction first of all on provision of implementation of priority development of corresponding branches and enterprises;

- implementation of long-term lending of investment needs of enterprises (on upgrading, reconstruction, and introduction of high technologies) within three years in view of the size of a discount rate for the loan and minimal margin of commercial banks;

- introduction of preferential lending for innovative and export-oriented projects, stipulated by the state programs of priority development, by criterion of their ability for effective utilization, compulsory and timely return of corresponding loans.

Resolving of a problem of creation of a uniform legal field of market reforms, which requires the necessity of provision of the conformity of all legislative and statutory acts on the issues of policy, in particular, financial, lending, and regional policy and local self-government concerning financial provision and assistance to the territory development: the resolution of the problem of financial alignment of economic and social development of regions which should be based, first of all, on the consideration of the existing differentiation of natural, social and demographic and economic conditions, and also on the determination of a uniform level of social services per capita throughout entire Ukraine and carried out by means of differentiation of norms of deductions from nation-wide regulating income, granting of subsidies, subventions, and providing grants.

References:

1. Socio-economic status of Ukraine : Implication for People and the State / National Report - [electronic resource]. - Mode dos dumb: http://www.nas.gov.ua/Pages/default.aspx