WEB-ресурс научно-практических конференций

Mykhalchenko I. G.

National Aviation University , Ukraine

THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF TRANSPORT MARKET GOVERNANCE

The governance of transport market takes place at three levels – national, regional, international, which together form global system of governance. Each level plays an important role in the process of governance, because it covers various aspects of business. We are interested to review the regional level.

The development of international trade and elimination of trade barriers increase the need of countries to integrate. At integration level the main purposes are to provide stability of whole region on the world scene, stimulate the economically effective activity within region, provide appropriate level of investment, «to eliminate bottlenecks», and also to decrease regional losses. This level of governance is directed on the improvement of functioning of regional market, strengthening of positions not a state, but region, in world economy.

Cooperation of countries at integration level allows develop transport networks from positions of general transport space of the states-participants. The main objective of governance at the integration level includes creation of modern organization systems in the form of unique integrated network of the centers of informative, custom, logistic and navigation providing of transport process participants [1].

Regional governance covers transport policy of the countries located in some certain region, mainly, in the territorial closeness . Today in the world there are about 20 economic regional groups. The most effectively operating among them are: in the Western Europe – the European Union (EU); in the North America – the North American free trade agreement (NAFTA); in the South America – the Southern Common Market (MERKOSUR); in Asian-Pacific region – Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( А P ЕС ); in Southeast Asia – Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) [2].

We’ll consider the regional governance of the market of transport services in the countries of CIS and EU that form essential interest for Ukraine .

The Commonwealth of Independent States is one of the regional economic associations operating in the world which development lies in the direction of the major world tendencies – globalization and regionalization. The effective use of the complex of possibilities of internal and external character, including mutually advantageous economic cooperation, opens the real prospects of dynamic economic growing and strengthening of influence on development of the world system before the states-participants of the CIS. Nowadays the CIS has to answer the questions connected with determination of its place in variable configuration of the modern world, magnification of competitiveness of national economy of the states, transformation of Commonwealth into the regional economic association, capable to play an essential role in the world economy.

Operation and development of transport in the CIS countries is carried out according to their national legislation, and also strategies in transport sphere and interconnected with the general directions of their social and economic development. The coordination of the regional transport policy is provided by agreements of states governance systems and realization of programs of its development, legislation improvement in the field of transport, and also coordinated use of transit potential. Thus realization of coordinated transport policy considers differences in the transport systems in each state of the CIS and directed on its alignment [3].

However the transport system of the CIS does not answer global processes on transport. Telling about the place and the role of the CIS as conductor on the international economic arena, it is necessary to ascertain only formally legal side of its activity [4].

Let's pass to consideration of regional governance of the market of transport services in the EU countries. The transport policy of EU is based on liberalization and harmonization principles. On the one hand, the general transport policy removes restriction for different types of transport which exist between the countries, from another, establishes unique rules of activity in the market that concern professional qualification, safety, social security.

The basic efforts of EU in the questions of transport policy are concentrated in next directions: to create the trans-European network, to redistribute the balance between types of transport, to provide necessary financing of infrastructure, to protect environment, to increase the level of safety on roads, to realize the special programs and so forth. However the regional transport market of EU also has negative tendencies.

Thus, level of regional governance of transport market depends on efficiency of the general transport policy of member-states of regional group, from interest and effectiveness of each separate country. Level of regional governance of the EU countries is much higher, in comparison with the CIS countries, which is explained by the level of economic development of the whole region, quantity of the developed legal certificates and efficiency of carrying out the common transport policy.

References:

1. Лисица Е.С. Уровни регулирования естественных монополий в мировой экономике (на примере ж/ д транспорта) [ Електронний ресурс ] / Е.С. Лисица // Теоретичні і практичні аспекти економіки та інтелектуальної власності. – 2010. – Т.1. – Режим доступу: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Tpaeiv/2010_1/40.pdf

2. Ситнік І.В. Регіональні інтеграційні об’єднання: передумови і завдання створення / І.В. Ситнік // Проблемы и перспективы развития сотрудничества между странами Юго-Восточной Европы в рамках Черноморского экономического сотрудничества и ГУАМ . – 2009. – Т.1. – С. 323–328.

3. Решение Экономического совета Содружества Независимых Государств о проекте Приоритетных направлений сотрудничества государств-участников СНГ в сфере транспорта на период до 2020 года [ Електронний ресурс ] // Професійна юридична система «Мега-НАУ». – Режим доступу: http://zakon.nau.ua/doc/?uid=1014.6159.0

4. Сёмин П.А. Развитие международного транспортного сотрудничества в СНГ в условиях глобализации / П.А. Сёмин // Транспорт: наука, техника, управление. – 2006. – №5. – С. 16 – 20.