WEB-ресурс научно-практических конференций

К.п.н. В іннікова Л.В., Дав и денко В. М .

Східноукраїнський національний університет імені В. Даля, м. Луганськ, Україна

MODERN TENDENCIES IN DEVELOPING THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE

  International economic relations is rather a dynamic system in which changes occur under the influence of various factors affecting the trends in the worldwide economy and individual countries, playing a leading role in the world. These changes are especially seen in terms of a world crises character.

  Modern trends in international economic relations are characterized by the processes that have promoted an active international economic cooperation. International trade, being the main form of international economic relations, mediates almost all kinds of international cooperation, including joint ventures activities of different national subjects with a stable intra-industry trade, and also activity of the intra-regional trade, especially in international integration. Т he following characteristic is a dominant with the impact on the international capital movements, in particular the volume and direction of the foreign direct investment and international loans to develop international trade and international production cooperation.

  At the post-industrial phase (from the end of the twentieth century) the development of the international economic relations have been characterized by the new trends in the content and forms of existence and development of world’s economy: globalization with the growing interdependence of national economies on the basis of profound transnationalization ; intensive regional integration; predominance of the intellectual, informational factors and national world development.

  Despite the significant moments that economic globalization has given a global growth and global economic and social progress in last 20 years, it is clear that along with the positive aspects the globalization economy includes some substantial contradictions, disparities and shortcomings. Dark side of globalization of the economy is clearly revealed in the global financial crisis, which turned into a global economic crisis. One of its most important points is the uncontrollability of the world economy. It is connected with the lack of global international institutions to decide economic issues. The reduction of the world economy control referred to the various spheres of the international economic relations. Most of all, it was acting in the area of the international monetary relations. This reduction happened because of the weak state-level regulation in this period and was not compensated by the creation of new regulatory institutions [2; 3].

  Particularly relevant and requiring prompt decision, was the issue of shaping a new architecture (which includes new regulation mechanisms at the international level) of the world monetary system, including international (supranational) level of regulation. Without it the world monetary system may become from the most globalized sector of international economic relations to a factor of de-globalization at least temporarily. Also it can act as one of the serious barriers to sustain the development of the world economy [2; 3].

  World trade is growing rapidly. World trade services are growing faster than the foreign production. The most important factors of the growth in the world trade include liberalization of trade policies and growth in foreign direct investments in other economies. The international movement of the capital is characterized by extremely rapid growth in foreign direct investments on a global scale, the predominance of capital exports from developed countries to the advanced countries and the intensification of the capital migration to the developing countries, as well as an active state intervention in control, all this regulates and promotes the implementation of direct foreign investment [1; 4].

  For today's global trade there is a tendency of growth intra-industry trade and the share of intra-regional mutual trade. In the early 60's the developed countries, especially in Western Europe , began to trade with each other, having differentiated products. At present this trend continues and reflects the international industrial cooperation and economic integration countries.

  This trend is the result of the fact that the most markets are close together, and there are fewer barriers to trade in terms of distance and tariffs, i.e. the probable intra-industry trade. This merging is achieved only at high level of manufacturing industry (especially its high-tech industries) – in Western Europe and North America there are more than 3/4 exports are manufactured goods, including 40-50% for the engineering products. This structure facilitates the binding of the partner countries through the international division of labor. In contrast, the countries with agro-commodity structure of the economy, producing a large amount of similar goods are not complementary partners, they are competitors. Therefore, they do not open towards each other, and tend to isolate themselves, try to find markets for its products in more developed countries. However, some progress in this direction has appeared only in the newly industrializing countries of Latin America and Southeast Asia , however, their activity is directed towards the foreign markets [1; 4].

  International trade as the main form of international economic relations at the present stage of development mediates almost all kinds of international cooperation that is connected with the globalization of world economy. However, along with the positive aspects globalization, which allows the most actively developing of all forms of international economic relations, there are negative aspects of the globalization in terms of the global financial crisis. Taking into account the events related to the crisis in the international monetary and financial system in 2008-2009 connected with the lack of control of the world economy of the national measures we must say that they are much more active within the countries. The relevant question is the formation of a new regulatory world monetary and financial system [2].

  To sum up, we should say that the modern trends in international trade and services to pre-crisis period are characterized by high growth rates. In due to the global financial crisis indicators in the whole world were negative, except for some countries. The tendency of trade is to preserve the trade structure, but during the crisis some changes are observed in the reduction of production volume and the cost of implementing engineering products, especially cars. The financial crisis has also affected the global trade services, especially in tourism. The geographical structure of the world trade is characterized by the predominance of the developed countries in the world of goods and services. At least the crisis has affected this trend as an increase in trade and in the share of intraregional trade in general. The modern development of international economic relations occurs in the period of globalization, with growing interdependence of national economies based on in-depth and intense of regional integration, where the next global financial crisis may affect only temporary, but not radically.

The list of references:

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2. Паньков В.С. Глобализация экономики: некоторые дискуссионные вопросы [Электронный ресурс] / В.С. Паньков // Безопасность Евразии. – 2008 – № 1. – Режим доступа: http://www.crizis.ru/articles

3. Паньков В.С. Кризис: неуправляемость мировой экономики в условиях глобализации [Электронный ресурс] / В.С. Паньков // Безопасность Евразии. – 2009. – № 1. – Режим доступа: http://www.crizis.ru/articles

4. Показатели развития мировой экономики [Электронный ресурс]: по данным Мирового банка 2005 г . / World Development Indicators 2005. – Режим доступа: http ://www.worldbank.org